Gauge is commonly used today in reference to shotguns, though historically it was also used in large double rifles, which were made in sizes up to 2 bore during their heyday in the 1880s, being originally loaded with black powder cartridges. The term is related to the measurement of cannon, which were also measured by the weight of their iron round shot an 8-pounder would fire an 8 lb (3.6 kg) ball. Thus there are twelve 12-gauge balls per pound, etc. Gauge is determined from the weight of a solid sphere of lead that will fit the bore of the firearm and is expressed as the multiplicative inverse of the sphere's weight as a fraction of a pound, e.g., a one-twelfth pound lead ball fits a 12-gauge bore. The gauge (or commonly bore in British English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) of the barrel. 410 bore shotshell, a 20-gauge shotshell, and a 12-gauge shotshell
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